For additional resources on this subject, see the HistoricKnit mailing list, the Knitting History Forum, A Preliminary Survey of 16th Century English Literary References to Knitting, and these links.

• Tiraz, Fatimid Egypt, c. 910-1171
• Cap made from byssus, 14th century; see also this glove, made of the same material, and The Story of "Sea Silk"
Knitting Madonnas
The Virgin is occasionally depicted knitting a garment, thought to represent the seamless garment worn by Christ (John 19:23):
• The Holy Family by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1345
• Detail from Madonna dell'Umilità by Vitale degli Equi, before 1361
• Detail from a polyptich by Tommaso da Modena, before 1375
• Detail from the right wing of the Buxtehude Altar by Bertram von Minden, 1400-1410
• Birth of the Virgin with other Scenes from her Life, c. 1428-1439
• Altarpiece with the Life of the Virgin by Nicolás and Martín Zahortiga, c. 1460
• A cap found during restoration work at St. Leonhards-Kirche in Basel, possibly worn by a stonemason, c. 1460
Wool flat caps, 16th century
• Museum of London NN8512 (early 16th century)
• V&A 1566-1901 (early 16th century)
• V&A 741-1904 (c. 1500-1550)
• Met C.I.41.50, c. 1520
• Cap from the Mary Rose
• Germanisches Nationalmuseum T3762, also here, here, here, and here (first half of the 16th century)
• Met 29.158.482, 16th century
• Met 29.158.485, 16th century
• V&A 1562&A-1901 (16th century)
• Museum of London NN8511 (16th century)
• Hats from the ship Gagiana, 1583
Knit ecclesiastical gloves (see also the gloves & mittens linkspage)
• Pair of gloves made for a bishop, made in 16th century Spain, silk and silver strip
• Silk gloves thought to have belonged to Archbishop William Warham (d. 1532)
• Pair of ecclesiastical gloves, c. 1550-1600
Knit secular gloves (see also the gloves & mittens linkspage)
• Child's wool mitten, 16th century
• A lady's silk gloves, first half of the 17th century
• Gloves from the Gunnister find, late 17th century
Knit hosiery (see also the hose linkspage)
• Men's trunkhose, 16th century; also here and here
• Silk hose of a 16th century Saxon prince
• Sock, c. 1540-1560; imported to England from Italy or Spain
• Silk stockings of the Prince-Elector August von Sachsen, second half of the 16th century
• Machine-knit stockings in silk with gold and silver threads, late 16th or early 17th century
• Knit stocking in silk with gold metallic yarns, with a design of fleurs-de-lis in lozenges and a floral band, made in Italy in the early 17th century
• Boy's stockings, c. 1600-1620
• Wool hose, 1640s
• Hand-knit stockings, mid-17th century
• Stockings from the Gunnister find (detail), late 17th century
• Monmouth cap, 16th century
• Child's wool vest, 16th century
• Knit wool cap with flaps to cover the neck and ears, made in London (?) in the first half of the 16th century
• Knit garters, made in Italy c. 1575-1600
Ladies' silk jackets, 17th century
• Germanisches Nationalmuseum T2558 (also here)
• Germanisches Nationalmuseum T3170
• Germanisches Nationalmuseum T3638
• Museum für Angewandte Kunst N61
• Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire 1336
• Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire T.2196
• Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire T.1043
• V&A 807-1904
• V&A 106-1899
• An infant's silk and metal-thread vest, 17th century
• Child’s cotton jacket, 17th century
• Knitted silk garters, Italian or Spanish, 17th century
• Wool hat, 17th or 18th century
• The Gunnister find, late 17th century; includes two caps, gloves, a purse, and stockings (detail)

Thanks for the St. Leonard cap, Tracy!